Development of Rat Prostatitis Model by Oral Administration of Isoflavone and Its Characteristics

Inflammation of the prostate can be induced experimentally in rats by the subcutaneous administration of estrogen. However, it is usually achieved at the price of some alteration in the sex steroid hormone balance and morphological changes in the prostate. In this study, a soy-extracted isoflavone mixture with weak estrogenic activity was administered orally in an attempt to induce prostatitis in a more physiologic way and to characterize the inflammation induced. A total of 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats, 8 weeks old, were divided into 2 groups. The control group was fed with only an AIN-76A diet containing no detectable phytoestrogen and the experimental group was fed with AIN-76A and a soy- extracted isoflavone mixture (genistein 60.0% and daidzein 19.6%), 300mg/kg body weight for 9 weeks. The sequential body weight and prostate weight at necropsy were measured. A histologic examination and histomorphometry assessed the changes in the prostate. The serum concentrations of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were measured to estimate the effects on the androgen level. Intraprostatic concentrations of genistein and daidzein were measured by gas chromatography/ mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). While no sign of prostate inflammation was apparent in the control group, severe inflammatory changes in the stroma, increased epithelial detachment and inflammatory exudates within the glandular lumen of the dorsolateral prostate were observed in more than 80%(15/18) of the experimental group. However, there was no significant difference in the ventral prostate between the two groups. The daidzein and genistein concentrations in both the lateral and ventral prostates were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group where no isoflavone was detectable. In addition, the concentrations were much higher in the dorsolateral than in the ventral prostate. Although the body weight gain was not consistent in the experimental group, there were no significant differences in the prostate weight and serum androgen level between groups. In summary, when a soy-extracted genistein and daidzein-rich isoflavone mixture was administered orally into rats, prostatic inflammation with characteristic lobe specificity developed. The present method of inducing prostatitis seems to be a more physiologic than an estrogen-induced experimental model, and sequential pharmacokinetic studies might help in establishing this model as a more valuable tool in assisting future research in this field.

Melena as a Unusual Presentation of Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma / 대한비뇨기과학회지

No abstract available.

The Analysis of Lymph Node Metastases and Survival Rates in Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: The incidence of lymph node metastases in patients undergoing radical cystectomy varies between 15% and 25%, and is related to the depth of invasion of primary tumor. Pelvic lymphadenectomy provides accurate staging information as well as therapeutic benefit in a selected group of patients without increased morbidity. We analyzed the incidence of lymph node metastases and survival rates in the patients with pathologically proven lymph node metastases to reassess the role of pelvic lymphadenectomy in the patients with transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 215 patients with transitional cell carcinoma treated by radical cystectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy from 1976 to 1996 who were followed for a mean 31.7 months and analyzed the incidence of pathologically proven lymph node metastases and survival rates according to pathological stage, histologic grade and cell morphology. RESULTS: Patient distribution according to pathological stage was 18 for pTa, 51 pT1, 44 pT2 36 pT3a, 42 pT3b, and 24 pT4. Mean follow up was 31.7 months. The overall 5-year survival rate was 67.9%. The 5-year survival rates according to pathological stage were 93.6% for pTa and pT1, 72.4% pT2, 47.2% pT3a, 52.2% pT3b, 49.6% pT4 The 5-year survival rates according to histologic grade were 100.0% for grade l, 80.1% grade ll, 57.0% grade lll. The overall incidence of lymph node metastases was 14%(30/215). The 5-year survival rates according to lymph nodes metastases were 72.5% for pN0, 30.3% pN1 and the 2-year survival rate was 41.5% for pN2. The incidence of lymph node metastases was 0% for pTa and pT1, 2.3% pT2, 11.1% pT3a, 38.1% pT3b, 37.5% pT4 and 0% for grade l, 7.2% grade ll, 19.0% grade lll. The 5-year survival rates according to pathological stage and lymph nodes metastases were 75.9% for pT3a or less with pN0,58.4% for pT3b or more with pN0, 26.7% for pT3b or more with pN1 or pN2. CONCLUSIONS: Lymph node metastases was a significant prognostic factor for transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The incidence of lymph node metastases increased as pathological stage and histologic grade increased. Radical cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy might be beneficial for a few patients with bladder confined tumor with lymph node metastases. Adjuvant therapy is recommended for transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with lymph node metastases for improved survival.

The Clinical Characteristics of Male Patients Complaining Sexual Dysfunction / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: Recently a marked increase in both clinical and research activity in the field of male sexual dysfunction has led to a better evaluation and more treatment options. The clinical distribution and prevalence of male sexual dysfunction is essential to further improve diagnostic as well as therapeutic options. For the evaluation of clinical characteristics of male sexual dysfunction, we performed this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two thousands male patients complaining sexual dysfunction visiting our hospital were reviewed. Chief complaints were classified as impotence, premature ejaculation, penile lesion, ejaculatory disorder, and orgasm disorder. We analyzed prior histories of management, associated diseases and treatment in our hospital. RESULTS: In age distribution, patients in their 40s were most common and 31.2% was under 40 years of age. Of the symptoms complained, erectile dysfunction was 61.8% and premature ejaculation with or without erectile dysfunction was 11.7% or 15.0%, respectively.40.4% had been managed for sexual dysfunction. Of them, 70.3% was managed by nonmedical or oriental means and 29.7% by physicians. 88.8% had associated diseases for sexual dysfunction. Diabetes was observed In 17.3%, cardiovascular disease in 13.8%, systemic disease in 20.8%. 68.8% was treated at our hospital. Of them, 64.7% was treated pharmacologically. CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms of male sexual dysfunction were relatively common in men under 40 years of age comprising nearly one third of the patients complaining sexual dysfunction. Most of the patients had prior histories of management by nonmedical means due to lack of insight. Many patients preferred pharmacologic treatment. Future change In patient's insight will direct the patient to seek care by an urologist.

A Case of Artificial Testis Implantation Using Tissue Expander in Anorchidism with Scrotal Hypoplasia / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A hypoplastic empty scrotum is a critical factor in the success of implantation of artificial testis. A hypoplastic scrotum increases the postoperative complication, such as wound dehiscence and prosthesis extrusion. Any technique cannot overcome this problem satisfactorily. Furthermore previous operative scars and inflammatory disease as epididymo-orchitis have often added to the difficulties. Enlarging the scrotum by gradual distention of a tissue expander implanted in the contracted scrotum has been successful in overcoming this problem. We report a case of successful artificial testes implantation after gradually enlarging scrotum by tissue expander in a 6 year old boy, who was diagnosed anorchidism with scrotal hypoplasia.

Penile Vibration Perception Threshold in Patients with Premature Ejaculation / 대한비뇨기과학회지

We performed penile biothesiometry for determining the penile sensitivity on 56 normal men and 120 patients with primary premature ejaculation (PE) to realize the organic reasons of premature ejaculation. The mean vibration perception threshold at the glans penis and penile shaft was 0.222+/-0.133, 0.124+/-0.046 Microns in normal control, 0.058+/-0.026, 0.055+/-0.023 Microns in patients with PE respectively. The mean vibration perception threshold at the glans penis and penile shaft in patients group showed significantly lower than that of normal controls (P0.05). In conclusion, patients with primary premature ejaculation have a penile hypersensitivity regardless of aging. Penile hypersensitivity may give rise to uncontrolled ejaculation, which is thought to be an organic implication of premature ejaculation."